A Case Study in Web Search Using TREC Algorithms - This study evaluates the performance of a state-of-the-art keyword-based document ranking algorithm (coming out of TREC) on a popular web search task.
Document Ranking and the Vector-Space Model. - It describes key issues in document ranking techniques based on the vector space model. Several TF*IDF variants are discussed. The cosine measure, recall and precision are introduced. [PS format]
Exploring the Similarity Space - Evaluation of many combinations of term frequency statistics, document frequency statistics and document length normalization. [PDF]
Information Retrieval Tutorial - Description of boolean retrieval, vector space model, probabilistic retrieval, latent semantic indexing and other IR topics. An introduction to various classical ranking methods is also provided.
Ranking Algorithms - "Ranking Algorithms" is chapter 14 in the Frakes and Baeza-Yates book. It gives a good discussion of the tradeoffs and choices among different term-weighting strategies.